Résultats de la recherche de fiches terminologiques pour 'Mariculture' (1 fiche(s))
FICHE N° | 4 |
AUTEUR | ELAD D. F. |
DATE DE CREATION | 2022-3-10 |
DERNIÈRE MISE À JOUR | 2022-10-26 00:00:00 |
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VEDETTE | * Mariculture statut: préféré ; * marine aquaculture (noun) statut: admis ; * ocean farming (noun) statut: admis ; * sea farming (noun) statut: admis ; * marine farming (noun) statut: admis ; * sea aquaculture (noun) statut: admis ; * ocean aquaculture (noun) statut: admis | ||||
CATÉGORIE GRAMMATICALE | noun | ||||
PLURIEL | Maricultures ; marine farmings ; ocean farmings ; ocean aquacultures ; marine aquacultures ; | ||||
ETYMOLOGIE | Marine aquaculture, also known as ocean farming, mariculture, sea farming, marine farming, sea aquaculture, or ocean aquaculture, are used in the sector of fisheries to mean the same concept. These terms all originated around the 20th century. The very first term, mariculture, originated in the 1950s and became more popular in the 1960s, from then, mariculture became the most popular of all synonyms to date. A second synonym, marine aquaculture, emerged after mariculture in the 1960s. Two other snonyms, sea farming and marine farming, emanated later on in the 1970s and are widely used in many parts of the world. The other internationally less significant synonyms (sea aquaculture, ocean aquaculture, ocean farming) originated alongside the four above-mentioned terms. | ||||
DÉFINITION |
Cultivation, management, and harvesting of marine organisms (fish, shellfish, molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms and aquatic plants) in their natural environment (i.e. estuarine, coastal, and offshore waters) or in enclosures such as tanks, pens, ponds, channels, cages or net enclosed areas in the open sea. | ||||
SOURCE DE LA DÉFINITION | Fishterm | ||||
EXEMPLE D'EMPLOI | Decree No. 95/413 /PM of 20 June 1995 to lay down certain conditions for the application of fisheries regulations., Chapter I, article 2, paragraph 6 : " Mariculture: the development of sea water for the production of animal species, such as fish, molluscs and crustaceans. " | ||||
NOTES | Mariculture/sea farming/ocean farming should not be confused with aquiculture, which involves culture in fresh or brackish water. Development of Mariculture (sea farming): Mariculture started by catching wild juveniles and feeding them in a controlled environment. As more knowledge was gained, the degree of control with the production process increased and the farmers increased their influence on growth and reproduction. Types of mariculture by activity intensity:The degree of control of the production process is often categorized by the intensity of the farming operation. Four main activity intensity classifications are recognised: traditional, extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive mariculture (Quentin et al., 2010). Traditional and extensive mariculture:Simplest form of culture involving protection of the stock to improve survival rates of wild juveniles, where no fertilizer or supplementary feed is added and the production from the pond depends entirely on the primary production. The primary production in turn depends on sunlight and nutrients available in the water and soil. Since nutrients are not fed into the culture, the stocking density and recurrent costs will therefore have to be low. In the case of mullets, milkfish and other herbivores or penaeids it is essential that the water level be maintained between 35 and 40cm in the general platform area of the pond to encourage algal growth on the pond bottom for the organisms to feed upon. If the water is deeper, the light intensity that reaches the bottom will not suffice to promote algal growth. An example of an extensive method of mariculture used around the globe is mussel farming, whereby the farmer provides a rope or a stake for the juveniles to attach to and does some culling so that the density does not get too high, but actually leaves the mussels to grow without further interference. Semi-Intensive mariculture:A form of sea culture involving increased production by stocking at a slightly higher density and adding fertilizers (organic or inorganic) to increase primary production within the pond and in turn increase the harvest from the pond. Intensive mariculture:A form of mariculture involving higher stocking rates, increased depth of water (>40cm depth), increased supplementary feed with or without the use of fertilizers. Water depth in the rearing structure is greater than in the former sea farming types because the food for the cultivated organisms is not dependent entirely on primary production within the pond. Mariculture farming environmentsBelow is a list of 7 sea farming / mariculture structures and culture systems:
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