ENTER KEYWORD:


FISHTERM bilingual dictionary Search results for 'Fresh water' (1 record(s))


RECORD 1

RECORD No. 12
AUTHOR ELAD D. F.
DATE OF CREATION
LAST UPDATE 2022-11-16 00:00:00


FRENCH
SUBJECT FIELD
Ecosystèmes aquatiques FISHTERM subject field hierarchy     (Hiérarchie : Halieutique > Gestion d’écosystèmes aquatiques > Ecosystèmes aquatiques)
Navigation aquatique FISHTERM subject field hierarchy     (Hiérarchie : Halieutique > Navigation aquatique)
Navigation fluviale FISHTERM subject field hierarchy     (Hiérarchie : Halieutique > Navigation aquatique > Navigation fluviale)
TERM * Eau douce
statut: préféré
PART OF SPEECH nom féminin
ETYMOLOGY

Composé de eau et de douce, le terme « eau douce » trouve son origine avant le XVIe siècle. Les premiers livres utilisant ce terme ont été publiés à la fin des années 1470. Certains de ces livres anciens incluent :

ETYMOLOGY SOURCE https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/eau_douce;
Fishterm
DEFINITION Eau liquide ou gelée naturelle à très faible concentration en sel (moins de 1 000 milligrammes par litre de sels dissous et salinité inférieure à 0,5) et à faible conductivité (conductivité souvent inférieure à 200 µS/cm). Il s'agit de toutes les eaux à faible dureté, y compris tous les systèmes aquatiques intérieurs tels que les cours d'eau, les ruisseaux, les sources, les rivières et les lacs.
PLURAL Eaux douces ;

DEFINITION SOURCE https://www.futura-sciences.com/planete/definitions/oceanographie-eau-douce-6619/ ;
Fishterm https://www.aquaportail.com/definition-3101-eaux-douces.html ;
Fishterm
NOTES

L'eau douce, également appelée eau douce, eau douce, eau non salée, eau non salée, eau non salée fait référence aux plans d’eau, qui sont des ressources naturelles renouvelables et variables, mais limitées. Les masses d'eau douce se reconstituent grâce au cycle naturel de l'eau, dans lequel l'eau des océans, des mers, des lacs, des forêts, des terres, des rivières et des réservoirs s'évapore, forme des nuages et retourne à l'intérieur des terres sous forme de précipitations.

Caractéristiques de l'eau douce

  1. Il s'agit d'une ressource naturelle renouvelable et variable, mais limitée ;
  2. Contient moins de 1 000 ppm de sel dissous ;
  3. Il se réapprovisionne facilement grâce au cycle naturel de l'eau ;
  4. C'est la principale source de masses d'eau saumâtres et salées comme les estuaires, les mers, les océans, etc.
  5. Il s'agit souvent, mais pas toujours, d'eau potable (c'est-à-dire de l'eau potable pour les humains) ;

Exemples et formes d'eau douce

Dans notre vie quotidienne, nous interagissons d'une manière ou d'une autre avec les formes d'eau douce. L'eau douce prend de nombreuses formes. La forme gazeuse (nuages), la forme liquide (par exemple l'eau de pluie, l'eau de puit, les étangs, les lacs, les sources, les ruisseaux, les rivières) et la forme solide (comme les icebergs, les neiges).

Faits sur l'eau douce

Les auteurs affirment que l'eau couvre environ 75 % de la surface de la Terre, mais qu'une très petite proportion seulement est de l'eau douce qui peut être utilisée directement par les humains, les animaux et les plantes car :

L'eau douce ne doit pas être confondue avec l'eau adoucie (softened water en anglais), car ce sont deux concepts différents. Vous trouverez ci-dessous une ventilation tabulaire des principales différences (tableau 1) et similitudes (tableau 2) entre l'eau douce et l'eau adoucie.

Tableau 1 : différences entre l'eau douce et l'eau adoucie

 

Eau douce

Eau adoucie

Entité de mesure

Salinité de l'eau

Dureté de l'eau

Produits chimiques vitaux responsables

Déterminé par les quantités de sels comme le chlorure de sodium, le sulfate de magnésium, le nitrate de potassium et le bicarbonate de sodium, qui se dissolvent en ions.

Déterminés par les quantités de sels de calcium et de magnésium dissous dans l'eau, ils sont responsables de la douceur ou de la dureté de l'eau.

Salinité

Moins de 1 000 milligrammes par litre de sels dissous comme le chlorure de sodium, le sulfate de magnésium, le nitrate de potassium et le bicarbonate de sodium

Peut contenir même plus de 1 000 milligrammes par litre de sels dissous. Tant que la concentration de calcium et de magnésium est faible, elle restera douce.

Ions principaux

De nombreux autres ions en plus du calcium et du magnésium.

Uniquement le calcium et le magnésium

Exemples

Rivières, ruisseaux, puits, etc.

Tous les plans d'eau douce, à l'exclusion de l'eau de puits souterraine profonde.

Portée

Presque tous les plans d'eau douce sont des eaux douces

Toutes les eaux douces ne sont pas adoucie. Par exemple l'eux du puis est bien de l'eau douce mais elle n'est peut-être pas adoucie.

Tableau 2 : similitudes entre l'eau douce et l'eau adoucie

 

Eau douce

Eau adoucie

Quantité de sels dissous

Faible

Faible

Salinité

Généralement faible

Généralement faible

Emplacement

Intérieur des terres

Intérieur des terres

 


ENGLISH
SUBJECT FIELD
Aquatic ecosystems FISHTERM subject field hierarchy     (Hierarchy: Fisheries > Aquatic ecosystem management > Aquatic ecosystems)
Aquatic navigation FISHTERM subject field hierarchy     (Hierarchy: Fisheries > Aquatic navigation)
River navigation FISHTERM subject field hierarchy     (Hierarchy: Fisheries > Aquatic navigation > River navigation)
TERM * Fresh water
statut: préféré ;
* freshwater (noun)
statut: admis ;
* sweet water (noun)
statut: admis ;
* fresh-water (noun)
statut: admis ;
* unsalted water (noun)
statut: admis ;
* non-saline water (noun)
statut: admis ;
* non-salty water (noun)
statut: admis
PART OF SPEECH noun
PLURAL Fresh waters ;

sweet waters ;

fresh water bodies ;

ETYMOLOGY

Freshwater, soft water, fresh-water, fresh water and sweet water are all synonyms for the same context.

1. Fresh water (with space) is the first orthography of freshwater (without space), most popular  before the 20th century. It was later replaced and pushed to second most popular term by the shorter orthography, freshwater (without space) in the 1970. Today, freshwater is the most popular of all synonyms for this concept.

Origin of freshwater:

2. Freshwater came from Middle English freche watur, equivalent to fresh +‎ water. The term freshwater got into standard English usage around the 16th century. Earliest publications we could find were published after the 1550s. Some of which include:

  1. The Vnion of the Two Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke (etc.) by Edward Halle , published in 1550. Freshwater was used in the excerpt:  "... freshwater and other victails necessary , which knightes."
  2. A Nievve Herball, Or Historie of Plantes : Wherin is Contayned the Vvhole Discourse and Perfect Description of All Sortes of Herbes and Plantes: … by Rembert DodoensHenry Lyte · published in 1578. Freshwater was used precisely on page 426, in the excerpt: "... freshwater Creauis ." 
  3. The Nomenclator, Or Remembrancer of A. J. ... Written in Latine, Greeke, French and Other Forrein Tongues and Now in English by J. Higins. With a Dictional Index by Adrianus JUNIUSJohn HIGGINS (Poet.) · 1585, published in 1550. Freshwater was used precisely on page 483, in the excerpt: "... freshwater foutier : a young fouldier."

 Other international minor synonyms like ‘fresh-water’, ‘sweet water’ and ‘soft water’ are equally popularly used in some regions of the world.

3. ‘Soft water’ slipped in as a synonym in the 18th century, precisely around the 1710s. Some early publications we could find featuring this word are:

  1. The Natural History of Northampton-shire with Some Account of the Antiquities (etc.). A book by John Morton  published in 1712: ‘Soft water’ is used on page 268.
  2. Ovid's Art of Love. In three books. Translated by Mr. Dryden, Mr. Congreve, &c. Together with the Remedy of Love, etc By Ovid in 1712. ‘Soft water’ is used on page 35.

4. ‘Sweet water’ was first used in the 16th century. Some ancient books featuring ‘sweet water’ include:

  1. Foure Bookes of Husbandry ... Newly Englished, and encreased by B. Googe. B.L. By Conrad Heresbach · 1601 - found inside – page 47, from the excerpt: ‘... sweet water is onely to be bled . And because I haue begun to entreat of warring
  2. Bulleins Bulwarke of Defence Against All Sicknesse, Soarenesse, and Woundes that Doe Dayly Assaulte Mankinde…  By William Bullein · 1579. - found inside – page 54, from the excerpt:  ... sweet water , frongly frayned.’
ETYMOLOGY SOURCE https://www.etymonline.com/word/fresh-water;
FISHTERM
Wikipedia
DEFINITION Naturally occurring liquid or frozen water with very low concentration in salt (less than 1,000 milligrams per litter of dissolved salts and salinity of less than 0.5), and low conductivity (conductivity often less than 200 µS/cm). It refers to all waters with low hardness including all inland aquatic systems such as streams, brooks, springs, rivers and lakes.
DEFINITION SOURCE
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (8th ed.) (2010).
FISHTERM
Wikipedia
NOTES

Freshwater, also called sweet water, fresh-water, unsalted water, non-saline water, non-salty water refers to water bodies, which are renewable, and variable, but finite natural resource. Fresh water bodies are replenished through the natural water cycle, in which water from oceans, seas, lakes, forests, land, rivers and reservoirs evaporates, forms clouds, and returns inland as precipitation.

Characteristics of freshwater

  1. It’s is a renewable and variable, but finite natural resource;
  2. Contains less than 1,000 ppm of dissolved salt;
  3. It is easily replenished through the natural water cycle;
  4. It is the main source of brackish and saline water bodies like estuaries, seas, oceans, etc.
  5. It is often, but not always potable water (that is, water safe to drink by humans);

Examples and forms of freshwater

In our everyday lives, we do interact in one way or the other with freshwater forms. Freshwater takes many forms. The gaseous form (clouds), the liquid form (e.g. rain water, well water, ponds, lakes, springs, creeks, brooks, streams, rivers) and the solid form (like icebergs, snows).

Facts about freshwater

Authors hold that water covers about 75% of the earth’s surface, but just a very small proportion is fresh water that can be used directly by people, animals and plants because:

Fresh water should not be mistaken for soft water, as these are two different concepts. Below is a tabular breakdown of the major differences (table 1) and similarities (table 1) between freshwater and soft water.

Table 1: differences between fresh and soft water

 

Fresh water

Soft water

Measurement entity

Water salinity

Water hardness

Vital chemicals responsible

Determined by quantities of salts like sodium chloride, magnesium sulphate, potassium nitrate, and sodium bicarbonate, which dissolve into ions.

Determined by quantities of salts of Calcium and Magnesium dissolved in water are responsible for the softness or hardness of water.

Salinity

Less than 1,000 milligrams per litter of dissolved salts like sodium chloride, magnesium sulphate, potassium nitrate, and sodium bicarbonate

May be having even more than 1,000 milligrams per litter of dissolved salts. So long as the concentration of Calcium and Magnesium is low, it will still be soft.

Main ions

Many other ions in addition to Calcium and Magnesium.

Only Calcium and Magnesium

Examples

Rivers, streams, wells, etc.

All freshwater bodies excluding deep underground well water.

Scope

Almost all soft water bodies are freshwaters

Not all fresh waters are soft. E.g. well is freshwater but it may not be soft

Table 2: similarities between soft and fresh water

 

Soft water

Fresh water

Amount of dissolved salts

Low

Low

Salinity

Generally low

Generally low

Location

Inland

Inland

 


FISHTERM: Print term record


1. Decree No. 95/413 /PM of 20 June 1995 to lay down certain conditions for the application of fisheries regulations., Chapter I, article 2, paragraph 7:

" Fish farming: the rearing of animal species, especially fish, in fresh water. "

2. Law No. 94/01 of 20 January 1994 to lay down forestry, wildlife and fisheries regulations in Cameroon, article 4:

" Fishery resources, within the context of this law, means fish, seafood, molluscs and algae from the marine, estuarine and fresh water environments, including sedentary animals in such environments. "